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2nd BacGateway 2 Unit 6: Humour

Gateway 2 Unit 6: Humour

This is a summary of the most essential points of Gateway 2 Unit 6: Humour. It contains Vocabulary, Functions, Grammar, and writing.

Gateway 2 Unit 6: Vocabulary

  • Humor: Something said to cause laughter
  • A Joke: A short story that causes laughter
  • Humorous: Amusing, funny and laughable
  • An impression: An amusing imitation of a famous person
  • To make fun of someone: Laugh at someone ina mocking way
  • To kid: To make jokes or to joke with someone
  • Silly: Funny in a stupid way
  • Witty: Funny in an intelligent way

Positive emotions or feelings: Joy – gaiety – delight – cheerfulness – merriment – vivacity – calm – satisfaction–enthusiasm – optimism – jubilation.

Negative emotions or feelings: Anger – despair – depression – loneliness – sadness – frustration – worry – fear.

 Idioms: positive feeling /mood:

  • Lift one’s spirit
  • Things are looking up
  • Walk on air
  • Someone’s spirit rises

Idioms: negative feeling /mood:

  • To feel quite down
  • Someone’s heart sink in the depths of despair
  • To be low

Collocations with Make and Do

Make vs Do
In English, there are some pairs of words that are confusing. This confusion comes from the fact that they have similar meanings but different usage. Examples of these are: lay vs lie, make vs do, rob vs steal, etc.

Make
1- Often means ‘create‘ or ‘produce

  • Renault cars are made in France.

2- or sometimes it expresses the idea of building and constructing

  • Corporations are making a huge number of products in today’s world.
  • I’ve made some coffee.

3- To describe a process of change. It is like ‘become‘ or ‘cause to be‘

  • This music really makes me upset.

4- Make + object + Infinitive (without to) means’ force or command‘

  • My mother made me clean my room

Do
1- Often used to describe an activity or complete a task

  • What are we going to do for your birthday? (take part in an activity)
  • You can go out, once you’ve done your homework.

2- Do + Determiner + ing describes regular tasks at home or at work.

  • We do the shopping every Sunday.

Collocations with ‘Make’

  1. an attempt
  2. an appearance
  3. an appointment (arrange)
  4. arrangement
  5. a bed
  6. a (phone) call
  7. a charge (for something)
  8. a choice
  9. a comment
  10. a contribution
  11. a decision
  12. a difference
  13. discovery
  14. an effort
  15. an enemy of somebody
  16. an inquiry
  17. an exception
  18. an excuse
  19. a fire
  20. a fortune
  21. friends (with somebody)
  22. a fuss
  23. a gesture
  24. a good/bad job of something
  1. a habit of something
  2. journey
  3. journey
  4. a list
  5. a living
  6. love
  7. a mess
  8. a mistake
  9. money
  10. a noise
  11. an offer
  12. a plan
  13. a point
  14. a profit
  15. progress
  16. a promise
  17. a remark
  18. a sound
  19. speech
  20. a start (on something)
  21. a suggestion
  22. time for (something or somebody)
  23. trouble
  24. war
  25. a will


Collocations with ‘do’

  1. Your best (try hard).
  2. business (with somebody).
  3. the cleaning/washing/ironing etc.
  4. a course.
  5. some damage.
  6. the dishes.
  7. your duty.
  8. an exam / a test.
  9. a/an exercise.
  10. an experiment.
  11. somebody a favor.
  12. good (help other people).
  13. somebody some good (make somebody better/healthier).
  14. your hair/face/nails.
  15. harm.
  16. the housework/homework.
  17. yourself an injury.
  18. a job.
  19. the laundry.
  20. military service
  21. research.
  22. the shopping.
  23. sport.
  24. your teeth (brush/clean).
  25. well/badly (be successful/unsuccessful).

Gateway 2 Unit 6: Functions:

FunctionsExpressing Agreeing or Disagreeing

These are expressions that can help you in asking or giving/expressing an opinion about a subject.

Asking About Opinion

  • What do you think about….
  • In your opinion, …?
  • What’s your opinion….?
  • Any initial thoughts on …?
  • Do you have any particular views on …?
  • Are you for or against…..?
  • Do you think that …..?
  • If I asked your opinion about …………, what would you say?
  • Would I be right in saying …?
  • How do you feel about …?
  • Do you share the view that …?
  • Please tell me your opinion on …
  • Would you agree that …?

Expressing Opinion

  • I think…
  • As far as I’m concerned,…
  • To my mind,…
  • According to me,…
  • Some people may disagree with me, but …
  • As I see it, …
  • It seems to me that…
  • In my point of view / my opinion,…
  • From my point of view…
  • To the best of my knowledge, …
  • To my mind / To my way of thinking, …
  • I am of the opinion that…
  • I have come to the conclusion that …
  • Personally speaking / Speaking for myself, …
  • I’m no expert (on this), but …
  • I take the view that. ..
  • My personal view is that…
  • In my experience…
  • As far as I understand / can see/see it,…

Agreeing

  • I agree with you / I do agree
  • You’re definitely right.
  • I share the same view
  • I couldn’t agree more.
  • We seem to be on the same wavelength.
  • It’s so nice to meet someone who thinks that way too.
  • That is logical.
  • I can’t argue with that.
  • (I have) No doubt about it
  • That is a more convincing argument, I must admit.
  • That’s a good point.
  • I see your point.
  • (That) makes sense (to me).

Disagreeing

  • I’m afraid. I can’t agree with you.
  • No way.
  • I disagree with you.
  • I don’t agree with you.
  • That’s not always true.
  • You could be right, but…
  • It’s hard to argue with that, but…
  • I’m not sure I agree with you
  • I think you’re wrong
  • I can see a hole in that argument.
  • That’s not the way I see it.
  • Sorry, but I am not convinced.
  • It is quite old-fashioned to say that.

Gateway 2 Unit 6: Grammar

Conditional 3 / Wishes 

I. Conditional Type 3

The Form of Conditional Type 3

[ if + past perfect ]+[would have + past participle]

[If + Subject + Verb (past perfect) + complement]+[subject + would + verb (present perfect) + complement]‎

Examples :

  • If she had taken her umbrella, she wouldn’t have gotten wet
  • Tom would have had better marks if he had revised his lesson.

The Use of Conditional Type 3

when we use conditional type 3 we are referring to an impossible situation in the past. we wish for the opposite of that situation.

consider this situation :

last month Ann was sick. Her friend Joan didn’t know this, and she didn’t go to see her. They met again after Ann got better.
Joan said :
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.
This means, that in reality, Joan didn’t know Ann was sick that why she said: ” if I had known….” and she didn’t go to see her.

‎ Example ‎
‎ Source sentence: I didn’t play sports, I was fat.‎
‎ Target sentence: If I had played sports, I wouldn’t have been fat ‎.

II. Wishes

Present Wish

If only              } + simple past
Subject + wish } + simple past

It is a situation in the present that we don’t like or we like to have it the other way.

Tom lives far from school so he usually arrives late.
Tom: I wish I didn’t live far from school.
If only I didn’t live far from school.

Past Wish

If only} + past perfect
Subject + wish } + past perfect

It is a situation in the present that we don’t like or we like to have it the other way.

Tom had an accident because he drove very fast.
Tom: If only I hadn’t driven very fast.
wish I hadn’t driven very fast.

TIP: Look at the verb, if it is affirmative then change it to negative and if it is negative change it to affirmative.

Steps to follow:

  • We look at the verb in the source sentence, if it is in the simple present then we change it to the simple past and if it is in the past we change it to the past perfect

Present wish: 
Source sentence: I don’t play sports, I am fat
Target sentence: If only   I played sports / I wish I played sports

Past wish:
Source sentence: I didn’t play sports, I was fat.
Target sentence: If only I had played sports. / I wish I had played sports

Writing: Linking Words

Click here to see a LIST OF LINKING WORDS

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