This is a summary of the most essential points of Gateway 2 Unit 10: International Organisations. It contains Vocabulary, Functions, Grammar, and writing.
Vocabulary
According to Wikipedia:
An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two main types: governmental and non-governmental organizations. These pages provide facts sheets about some of these organizations.
1- Acronyms (abbreviations) of Famous International Organizations
UNESCO: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation
ICESCO: Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNICEF: United Nations Children‘s Emergency Funds
UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
WHO: World Health Organisation
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation
ICRC: International Committee of the Red Crescent / Cross
TI: Transparency International
AI: Amnesty International
BIS: Bank for International Settlements
ILO: International Labour Organization
ITU: International Telecommunication Union
2– Some Collocations Related to International Organisations
NB: Credits for these collocations go to Mr. Bouhout Hamid
- hold a summit
- Maintain peace
- settle a dispute
- restore order
- recruit volunteers
- run a campaign
- veto a decision
- humanitarian aid
- fund-raising campaign
- emergency relief
- farewell speech
- cease fire
- financial assistance
- bilateral relations
- peace treaty
3- Other Vocabulary Related to International Organizations
Officials (persons)
- Spokesman
- deputy
- diplomat
- vice president
- commissioner
- ambassador
- secretary-general
Documents
- Charter
- resolution
- report
- declaration
- constitution
Establishment (places)
- Assembly general
- headquarters
- congress
- court
- council
Functions: Expressing Good News And Bad News
Telling Bad and Good News
Telling Bad News
- I feel sad to tell you that…………
- I am sorry to tell you such bad news, but…………….
- I know it’s bad news, but…………….
- pull yourself together, ……………..
- I’ve got a bit of bad news to tell you……
- I have some bad news for you, ………
Telling Good News
- You won’t believe such good news, ……………….
- I have some joyful news for you, ………………
- I have some wonderful news to tell you, …………
- I’ve got a bit of good news to tell you……
Responding to Good News
- Sounds great
- My goodness
- That sounds like great news!
- Superb
- Congratulations
- Great news
- I’m glad to hear that!
- You cannot imagine how glad I am to hear such great news
- Are you kidding
- I can’t believe it
- What fantastic news!
- Really?
- Incredible
Responding to Bad News
- Sorry to hear that
- Oh, my Lord
- I’m sorry to hear such bad news.
- You cannot imagine how sad I am to hear such bad news
- Are you kidding
- I can’t believe it
- That must be terrible
- Really
Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and a particle (preposition, adverb). The particle can change the meaning of the verb completely. For example::
- look up – consult a reference book (look a word up in a dictionary)
- look for – seek (look for her ring)
- look forward – anticipate with pleasure (look forward to meeting someone)
To fully understand this lesson, have a look at here: PHRASAL VERBS
Writing: Expressing Comparison and Contrast
Comparison: Expressing Similarities
Comparing something to something else, or someone to someone else can be done with different linking words. Here are some examples:
- Both Mohamed and Mariam love cats (It means that Mohamed loves cats and Mariam loves cats too.
- He is a doctor like his father. (It means that both the son and the father are doctors)
- He is our teacher and likewise our friend.
- Her way of thinking is similar to her sister’s.
- Her way of thinking is the same as her sister’s.
- He’s a comedian who also does magic.
- Nobody loves you as your parents do.
Expressing Contrast
I like to eat fish but not to catch them.
It was raining; but/ yet/ and yet, Ann went out without an umbrella.
Although /Though/ Even though it was raining, Ann went out without an umbrella.
Despite / In spite of the rain, Ann went out without an umbrella.
It was raining; however, / nevertheless,/ nonetheless, Ann went out without an umbrella.
More expressions and examples are here: LINKING WORDS
thank you very much
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